For tax year 2023, companies can deduct no. Block of assets means group of assets falling within a class of assets for which same rate of depreciation is prescribed. Subsequent Years Depreciation = (Cost – Depreciation in Previous Years) x (1 / Recovery Period) x Depreciation Method. The depreciation schedule is the time frame available for the owner to write off an asset’s value. Asset Value. D. Income Tax - The Depreciation Formula and the useful life is being provided in Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013 to calculate the rate of depreciation as per Companies act. It is the only calculator on the internet that enables you to do that. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has established regulatory accounting and financial reporting requirements for its jurisdictional entities in the electric, natural gas, and oil pipeline industries. And since the study was based on 15,000 miles driven per. Ready reckoner rate Pune also varies across different types of property. This type of. 2023-24 & 2024-25. On the 'Was This Property rented for All of 2015?' screen, answer 'No, this property was not rented all year'. system calculated the ODep Start date as mentioned above. Functional and comprehensive Guide and Depreciation rates as per Firms Work 2013 calculated employing useful life as per Schedule-II and residual value of 5%. 5 cr) = 0. Situation II. A. The formula to calculate the depreciation expense in a given period is as follows. It can also be used for non-recovery. Rather than take a single, large tax deduction in the year you bought the property, you would take a portion of the cost of the. This standard deals with the four main aspects of financial reporting of property, plant and equipment (PPE) that are likely to be of major relevance in the FR exam, namely: initial measurement. Buy online Garg's Income Tax Ready Reckoner for Assessment Year 2023-2024 & 2024-2025 only on Depreciation is an accounting method of allocating the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life. This is published every two years for agricultural land, as said earlier. The results of the estimates provided may differ from the final depreciation entitlements. The following calculator is for depreciation calculation in accounting. 6%) Mercedes Benz E-Class (% Depreciation: 55. 3. Using the Ready reckoner for tax offsets, the weekly value is $19. Last year depreciation = ( (12 - M) / 12) * ( (Cost - Salvage) / Life) And, a life, for example, of 7 years will be depreciated across 8 years. This book provide Index Amazon. Download Depreciation Calculator Excel Template. You’ll learn about the requirements and rules for an exchange. the necessary amount expended to get an asset ready for its intended use Salvage Value the value of the asset at the end of its useful life; also known as residual. Y. The ready. Dated 22nd June, 2018. 3. Guidance value increase. ) Andheri East. There is no capital gain on transfer of assets. Bonus Depreciation: Bonus depreciation has been changed for qualified assets acquired and placed in service after September 27, 2017. Maharashtra hikes ready reckoner rates. To calculate MACRS depreciation, you need to look at the cost of your property and what it would cost per year. Size of the property: 1,000 sq ft. 2024-25), after incorporating amendments (only key and selective amendments) proposed by the Union. Ready Reckoner Rate. . This book is amended by the Finance Bill 2023 as passed by the Lok Sabha. Shown below is the double-declining-balance method using an assetDeductible annual depreciation: $2 million / 39 years = $51,282. For 3-, 5-, 7-, or 10-year property eligible for the 200% Declining Balance method, you may make an irrevocable election to use the 150% Declining Balance method. The remaining $10,000 in potential depreciation recapture ($50,000 - $40,000) attaches to the property acquired from B. Value after 5th year: Value of the vehicle after the fifth year x 0. An assessee can claim a tax deduction when there’s a fall in the valuation of an intangible or. If you have a 36-month lease on a car that has $5,000 in depreciation over the life of the lease, each month you’ll pay just under $140 in depreciation fees. That’s why it’s a good idea to complete Part V. Institute of Chartered Accountants of Indiadepreciation amount in the earlier periods and a lower amount in the later periods. Determine the asset's purchase price. It can also calculate partial-year. There was a marginal increase of 1. Now select the location of the property and then calculate the value of the property according to the ready reckoner rate using the below mentioned formula. As per the IRS, depreciation can be understood as recovering the cost spent to acquire an asset until it is recovered. The government has not increased the rates for the last two years due to the pandemic. Sterling Decimal. The percentage of bonus depreciation phases down in 2023 to 80%, 2024 to 60%, 2025. Depreciation spreads those costs across the useful life of the property. Ready Reckoner Rate 2021 Maharashtra Commence from 1st April 2021 to 31st Mar, 2022. Y. As described above, the depreciation start date is based on asset value date and period control method in Depreciation key (assigned to depreciation area). Yearly Depreciation Rate. Y. The ready reckoner rates are fixed by the government considering the real-time appreciation of the land prices and are close to the market rates prevalent in the area. Built-up area x the ready reckoner rate for apartments in rupees per square metre. With a value of between £12,001 and £15,000 the rate will gradually fall from 100% to 0%. 00% $3,000Determine the initial cost: This includes the purchase price of the asset as well as any directly attributable costs like delivery, installation and setup fees. Stamp duty payable: 6 percent of Rs 50 lakh = Rs 3 lakh. Selected District. Maximum threshold cost of section 179 property before reduction in limitation calculation. Select Taluka. 5 cents per mile. Depreciation on Straight Line Method (SLM) is not allowed. Bonus depreciation is a tax incentive designed to stimulate business investment by allowing companies to accelerate the depreciation of qualifying assets, such as equipment, rather than write. Depreciation methods are defined in R&TC Sections 24349 through 24354. Noise exposure calculator. (Land plus. Area acquired/purchased over and above the entitled area should be valued as per the ready reckoner as per the use of the premises (Flat / Office / Shop / Industrial Unit etc. This means notional gains to. 273%, which comes out to $1,704. Y. x x x x x Extracts x x x x x. Y. The Gujarat Jantri Rate mobile application, which was launched in 2021, is one of the online modes that citizens can use to. Follow these steps to check the ready reckoner rates in Maharashtra online: Step 1: Navigate to the official Department of Registration and Stamps Maharashtra website. See examples of READY RECKONER used in a sentence. Initial Car Value. Depreciation is also determined by your tax bracket, so let’s say you’re in the 15% bracket. Stamp Duty Ready Reckoner. R. The original value of your asset or the depreciable cost; the necessary amount expended to get an asset ready for its intended use. Year 2: $7,000 x 30 percent = $2, 100. After increasing the rate as above, T. Which helps to calculate the true market value of immovable property, i. Language. Stamp Duty Increased from 3% to 5% w. 05 (depreciation) = $198,717. However, since depreciation affects the amount of taxes someone will owe when selling a property. Y. The following depreciation methods are available in the program: 200DB - The 200% declining balance method. e. R. haveli. Ready reckoner rates are listed for all the cities and are available on the online portal of the government of Maharashtra. Year 5 works a little differently. The instant asset write-off threshold at the time they first use the car in the business is $150,000. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examplesAs per Schedule II along with Section 123 of the Business Act, 2013 meaningful lives to Compute Depreciation. 2021 - 22. e. Asset Value. Stamp Duty Ready Reckoner. 2024-2025) A quick review (Limited Information). Asset Type. It takes the straight line, declining balance, or sum of the year' digits method. A 1-year-old F-150 costs about $35,805. Enter the amount from line 3 here and on Form 4562, line 1. Singhania, with the following noteworthy features:The property depreciation calculator calculates and displays the complete depreciation schedule for your residential or commercial property. Year Cost x MACRS % Depreciation 1998 $15,000 x 20. haveli. The program automatically switches to the straight-line method in the first year that it gives a larger deduction. That leaves you with an adjusted cost basis for depreciation of $212,800 for your first calendar year of ownership. Residential buildings except hotels and boarding houses. e. But for the next year your wdv will be considered as reduced by the percentage of depreciation prescribed. . ROCE = 150 / 800 = 0. Hypothetically, if you purchased a residential property at a market price of Rs. blackcurrant. See how much your asset will be worth using the straight line depreciation formula. As per Part A. If it is a flat then use the formula-. The depreciation schedule for the lathe machine is as follows: Year 1 = $3,000. Years from Now. Practical and comprehensive Guide and Depreciation fare as per Companies Act 2013 calculated using useful life as per Schedule-II and residual value of 5%. Rate of Depreciation. 2023-24 & 2024-25 – Illustrative Ready Referencer on Income-tax with Focused Analysis | Break-even Tables for Alternative Tax Regime | 47th Edition book online at best prices in India on Amazon. Your rates will be calculated using a Small. Land improvements are enhancements to a plot of land to make the land more usable. Stamp duty rate: 6 percent. Firstly, apply the depreciation to the Ready Reckoner value. Separate values for book and tax. To calculate using this method: Double the amount you would take under the straight-line method. The formula consists of dividing the difference between the initial capital expenditure (Capex) amount and the anticipated salvage value at the end of its useful life by the total useful life assumption. land, residential, commercial and industrial properties for any area defined and published by government of Maharashtra, in there publication namely Annual Statement Rates (ASR) the book is in Marathi known as Bazaar Mulyankan Takta. The rate increases average 8. 2022-23 and 2023-24 have been compiled with utmost care enabling the assesses to correctly work out their net income tax liability. The term Depreciation is a core concept under trading. This will give you a decimal between 0 and 1. List of best Asset Reckoner alternatives and competitors of 2023. Depreciation Rates for FY 2023-24: Depreciation under Income Tax Act is the decline in the real value off adenine tangible asset because of consumption, wear and tear or obsolescence. ASR (Ready Reckoner) Guidelines- Rest of Maharashtra-2015. 3 THE PAYMENT OF BONUS ACT, 1965 (21 of 1965) 1 [25 th September, 1965] 2[An Act to provide for the payment of bonus to persons employed in certain establishments on the basis of profits or on the basis of production or productivity and for. 36: $100,000 x 3. If you sold or traded in the F-150 after owning it for three years, it would be worth about. Year 5: £614 – £123 = £492. The depreciable amount of an plus the the cost starting in total oder other amount substituted for cost, less its residual set. If it is a flat then use the formula-. Depreciation is the process by which you would deduct the cost of buying or improving rental property. For example, if you are filing your tax returns for 2023-24, the assessment year will be 2024-25. These assets had to be purchased new, not used. The underlying purpose of this standard is to lay down or specify accounting treatment for Property, Plant and Equipment. READY RECKONER 1st edition BY CA HARSHIL SHETH A complete ready reckoner covering Income Tax heads & other important topics in Chart/tabular format 2021. To use a home depreciation calculator correctly, you must first identify three fundamental indicators: the property’s basis, the duration of recovery, and the method in which you will depreciate the asset. Deduct this depreciation from the construction cost of the property and add the appreciated land value to compute the market value of the property. This hike will also have an impact on the property tax as stamp duty is 5% of the guidance value in Karnataka and property tax is 2% of the stamp duty paid for the property. . 2024-25 With Income Tax Ready Reckoner For F. No Adjustment of Losses brought forward from earlier years and/or Additional Depreciation of earlier years is permitted. For Year 2,. Depreciation:- The valuation of old building after deduction of depreciation as per their age shall be considered as stated in the table below:- Age of building (in years) Percentage. There was a marginal increase of 1. Depreciated building price = Rs 20,00,000* (1/6)= Rs 3. As mentioned, these calculations can even cause you to fall under a different tax bracket if you take the time to make these deductions. Cumulative depreciation for tax purposes is Rs 90 and the tax rate is 25%. Depreciation is defined as a reduction in the value of the asset due to wear and tear of the asset. $245,000 divided by 27. 2. New Construction Cost [Table-“B”] given with Annual Valuation Table (Ready Reckoner) for the Year 2014 will be discussed with Public Works Department and a final decision will be taken, till such time Construction Cost of new building given with Annual Valuation Table (Ready Reckoner) for the Year 2013 should to be used. Reduce or increase this value for lift and depreciation as per valuation factors given in the Ready Reckoner and you will get the market value. Various names are used across India, to denote circle rates. Annual Statement of Rates. Ready reckoner rates In Mumbai remained unchanged for the year 2022- 2023, they were last hiked on September 12, 2020, by the government of Maharashtra, the revised rate for Mumbai is -0. For example, if a rental property with a cost basis of $100,000 was first placed in service in June, the depreciation for the year would be $1,970: $100,000 cost basis x 1. Straight-Line Depreciation = (Purchase Price – Salvage Value) ÷ Useful Life. Ready Reckoner Rate. ( 0 customer reviews) ₹ 1,520 ₹ 2,175. 5,00,000 * (1/2) = Rs. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples in American English. They are expected to adversely hit the realty sector in Mumbai and rest of the state. Capex → Increase in PP&E. Y. The formula to calculate the ending PP&E balance consists of adding Capex to the beginning PP&E balance and then subtracting the depreciation expense. 2. $412. Others. Calculating ready reckoner rate Pune. If stamp duty is 5 percent and the circle rate/RR rate of the property is Rs 50 lakh, then the stamp duty payable is Rs 2. 6%. December. Hearing protection calculators. The guideline value is determined based on the property type and location. 5%. Double Declining Balance Method: Yearly Depreciation Value = (2 x straight-line depreciation rate) x (book value at the beginning of the year) 3. The asset's cost includes all costs necessary to get the asset in place and ready for use. That’s because, in the eyes of the IRS, it’s now as if you. 80%. 2023-24 & 2024-25. 05. Track assets and calculate your clients' depreciation automatically. Here, the word immovable property refers to residential property, commercial property, and land/plot. READY RECKONER definition: a table of numbers used to facilitate simple calculations , esp one for applying rates of. Step 2: Determine the Life of Each Asset Placed in Service During the Year. Using of e-stamp duty ready reckoner year wise which we have provided for the year 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21, and 2021-22 from which you can search current and previous year ready reckoner rates applicable for calculation of government tax such as stamp duty, registration fee along with guideline for calculating. ( i) In case of such class of companies, as may be prescribed and whose financial statements comply with the accounting standards prescribed for such class of companies under section 133 the. (H x Rate of Sale for the concerned user after deduction of depreciation) or 40% value of the original permissible floor area of the land in terms of the rate of land, whichever is more. The useful life of an. 2. . That’s because, in the eyes of the IRS, it’s now as if you. When you're ready to amend, find your situation below and follow the instructions. File Form 4562 with your individual or business tax return for any year you are claiming a depreciation deduction or making a Section 179 election. Depreciation calculation methods, described in R&TC Section 24349, are as follows: Straight-Line. 2021-22 Bharat's Income Tax Mini Ready Reckoner Bharat's Concise Commentary on Income Tax Bharat's Concise Commentary on Income Tax (including Wealth Tax) with Tax. 5: Public Data Entry for Registration: PDE: 3. b. total income. Enter the amount from Form 6251, line 36, on line 4 of the worksheet. 331. Building. Most companies will look no further than the Section 179 deduction. covered parking spaces x 25% of ready reckoner rate per unit area for that property. According to this particular study, the average five-year depreciation rate of vehicles in the U. Subtract that number from the original value of the asset for depreciation value in year one. MaxITC. The rate remains constant and is applied to the reducing book value each year. You don’t just record this on your balance sheet. Updates include increased section 179 expense deduction limit, adjusted luxury vehicle and truck limitations, updated tax worksheets, and other depreciation changes to support tax reform. See moreOverview of Depreciation. Depreciation is handled differently for accounting and tax purposes, but the basic calculation is the same. In Pune, as of May 2023, ready reckoner rates for residential properties vary across different areas. If Accounting Policies, Accounting Standards or Rates or Method of Depreciation are Different - According to the first proviso to section 115JB(2), the accounting policies, the accounting standards adopted for preparing such accounts, the method and rates of depreciation which have been adopted for preparation of the profit and loss account laid. You deduct a part of the cost every year until you fully recover its cost. It aims to showcase the price trends and variations in Gold and Silver prices over the years, giving readers valuable insights. Income Tax Calculator FY 2019-20 Gratuity Calculator. Define ready reckoner. When net sale consideration on such asset’s sale is reduced from the written down value (opening WDV + cost of assets acquired if any) of the block of the assets. the equal allocation of the capital expenditure across its useful life), the depreciation expense is equal to the depreciable cost multiplied by the depreciation rate (%). BMT has completed more than 800,000 property depreciation schedules, helping Australian commercial building owners and tenants save thousands of dollars every year. The Ready Reckoner rate (RRR) or circle rate is a standard rate fixed by the State government for property transactions. Articles. Repeat the first two steps. The usable life of an. Type. Depreciated Values of old buildings during the year 2013 & 2014 is as below : Value in percent after depreciation. To calculate the annual depreciation expense, simply divide the basis by 27. Let’s understand ROCE with another example. A subtracts line 23 from line 19 and enters the deferred gain on the. Rental Property Original Purchase Price: $200,000. Depreciated over 27. Year 3: $4,900 x 30 percent = $1,470. Step 1: Select the Assessment Year. 1. m. Similar to the 100% bonus depreciation, the Section 179. Real Estate Depreciation is a crucial tax-saving tool. The total amount to be withheld is worked out as follows: Amount to be withheld on $563 = $50. [As amended by Finance Act, 2023] Surcharge: Surcharge is levied on the amount of income-tax at following rates if total income of an assessee exceeds specified limits:- Rate of Surcharge Assessment Year 2024-25 Assessment Year 2023-24Income Tax. Y. If you use your vehicle for 75% business use, the total you can claim under temporary full expensing is 75% of $64,741, which equals $48,556. Showing CaptchaThe maximum section 179 deduction limitation for 2022. Here are the MACRS depreciation calculations that underlie our Excel calculator: 1st Year Depreciation = Cost x (1 / Useful Life) x Depreciation Method x Depreciation Convention. To calculate circle rate in Delhi, you can go to the official e-Circle Rate. July 7th, 2023 Ready Reckoner Rate is crucial in real estate transactions, providing a standardised method for valuing properties and determining taxes & fees. Ships (1) Ocean-going ships including dredgers, tugs, barges, survey launches and other similar ships used mainly for dredging purposes and fishing vessels with wooden hull 20 (2) Vessels ordinarily operating on inland waters, not. C. The Present Publication is the 47 th Edition & has been amended by the Finance Act 2023 for AYs 2023-24 & 2024-25. I’ve created a “ready reckoner” to help estimate the potential depreciation on the construction of an investment property of 1 /1 Match case Limit results 1 per pageTAXATION READY RECKONER Sunday, 30 November 2014. 2023-24 (A. 5 years for residential rental properties and. Taxable income: $250,000/year — $51,282. Any of the boxes can be left blank if they are not relevant. Divide 100% by the number of years in the asset life and then multiply by 2 to find the depreciation rate. Ready reckoner definition: . Now the maximum rate of depreciation is 40%. The depreciation recapture amount from the sale of real estate property can depend on several factors. less weekly offset value –$19. Under the modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) general depreciation system (GDS), domestic rental property depreciation is calculated using 27. Repeat the first two steps. This innovative calculator allows users to customise their income, property expenses and cash flow to get a realistic breakdown of the cost of owning a property. 11th to 20th floor. Asset Class. Simply select Taluka to get the ready reckoner rates of division or villages wise. The old rules of 50% bonus depreciation still apply for qualified assets acquired before September 28, 2017. 74% increase in the ready reckoner rate. Except in Mumbai, the ready reckoner rates of all municipal corporations is increased by 8. Depreciation is the process by which you would deduct the cost of buying or improving rental property. Depreciation is charged in a fair proportion of the depreciable amount in every accounting period during the expected useful life of the asset. to postpone any change in ready reckoner rates. 37% of income tax where total income exceeds Rs. 07. The revised Standard also replaced the guidance in threeThe fixed-declining balance method computes depreciation at a fixed rate. To use a home depreciation calculator correctly, you must first identify three fundamental indicators: the property’s basis, the duration of recovery, and the method in which you will depreciate the asset. The Present Publication is the 47th Edition & has been amended by the Finance Bill 2023 as passed by the Lok Sabha for A. 14 Lakhs - Rs 2. = Rs 20 lakh - Rs 3. Use this calculator to calculate an accelerated depreciation using the sum of years digits method. Hence, normal depreciation will be allowed. depreciation. Exposure calculators and ready-reckoners. General Guidelines for the valuation of property within the limits of all Municipal Corporations (except Mumbai and Mumbai Suburban Districts), Municipal Councils, Influence Areas and Rural Areas in Maharashtra as per the Annual Statement of Rates. 10 lakhs and has a useful life of five years, the annual depreciation using the prime cost method will be 20% of Rs. ProSeries Fixed asset manager includes: Unlimited asset tracking and automatic depreciation calculation. The four most widely used depreciation formulae’s are as listed below: 1. Yearly Depreciation Rate. Year 2: £1200 – £240 = £960. Maharashtra's ready reckoner rates for 2022 Before you go out and purchase a house, we advise. 005 * 1. Enter the required details and you will get the Valuation immediately. generate Form-16, use our Tax Calculator software, claim HRA, check refund status and generate rent receipts for Income Tax Filing. 2. According to the formula, the depreciation value of the property is 15/30 which is 1/2. Calculation of Valuation of the above property will as follows: A. This rate is called ‘market value of. Q. Residential (per sq. This is the first-year accelerated depreciation percentage for your asset. You can use it to compare three models — the straight line depreciation, the declining balance depreciation, and the sum of years digits depreciation — to decide which one suits you best. Depreciation is a method for spreading out deductions for a long-term business asset over several years. Accounting Standard 10 deals with Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE). land, residential, commercial and industrial properties for any area defined and published by government of Maharashtra, in there publication namely Annual Statement Rates (ASR) the book is in Marathi known as Bazaar Mulyankan Takta. 2021 - 22. Depreciation is taken as a fractional part of a sum of all the years. depreciation = asset cost – salvage value service life. 0. The ready reckoner page also details essential technical formalities involved during the. Step 1: Workout The Rental Property Depreciation Recapture Tax Amount. 5 cents per mile. In Aurangabad the RR rates have. 6: Standard Registration Formats for Document Registration: Model Deeds: 3. The asset's estimated salvage value. For example, if you buy a $300,000 rental and spend $25,000 adding a fourth bedroom, you may not get to deduct the $25,000 that year. 00. This suggestion came across on a webinar that was. The industry is trending toward franchises, and since Subway is a franchise, the transition to a new owner is less risky. Now the maximum rate of depreciation is 40%. Simply select Taluka to get the ready reckoner rates of division or villages wise. I. These are. NEW APPENDIX I [Effective from assessment year 2006-07 onwards] [See rule 5] TABLE OF RATES AT WHICH DEPRECIATION IS ADMISSIBLE. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and. The depreciation expense is scheduled over the number of years corresponding to the useful life of the respective asset. 825. In December 2003 the Board issued a revised IAS 16 as part of its initial agenda of technical projects. Stamp Duty Ready Reckoner. Property is placed in service when it is ready and available for use in your business even if you have not begun using it. e. This led to an increase in property registrations, and developers were hopeful that IGR Maharashtra’s ready reckoner rates could fall. There are 2 blocks namely, Plant and Machinery: Depreciation Rate 15%. 20)) for the stove and $200 ($1,000 × 20% (0. As per the IRS, depreciation can be understood as recovering the cost spent to acquire an asset until it is recovered. This book provide IndexAmazon. As stated previously, to capitalize is to record a long-term asset on the balance sheet and expense its allocated costs on the income statement over the asset’s economic life. The mechanism involves an asset such as a building which is depreciated every year. General depreciation rules – capital allowances General depreciation rules set the amounts (capital allowances) that can be claimed based on the asset's effective life. These rates are influenced by factors such as property location, type, and market value. Ready Reckoner Rate. The maximum section 179 deduction limitation for 2022. Request a commercial tax depreciation schedule quote for your property or fit-out. Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an advantage across its useful life. Read on to find answers to. With the bonus depreciation allowance decreasing annually, beginning in 2023, it will become more likely for companies to seek out other options to fully expense property placed in service throughout the tax year. English Marathi. Depreciation Calculator is a ready-to-use excel template to calculate Straight-Line as well as Diminishing Balance Depreciation on Tangible/Fixed Assets. That year's depreciation deduction will be $192 ($600 × 32% (0. 33%. Depreciation Calculator As At Income Levy Act; Depreciation Calculator – Companies Act 2013; FRA Online – Monthly & Yearly Calculations;Bonus depreciation. Every company to which Indian Accounting Standards apply, shall prepare its financial statements in accordance with this Schedule or with such modification as may be required under certain circumstances. Depreciation rate is the percentage decline in the asset's value; Example: Calculating Depreciation Under Reducing Balance Method. 5 per cent share is a sea The 200% declining balance depreciation on $2,400 worth of furniture used in a rental would be $461 in Year 3 ($2,400 x 19. Effective October 1, 2023,Karnataka has seen an increase in the guidance value up to 50%. 20)) for the refrigerator. Suppose company DEF Ltd.